Page contents
- What is myopia?
- symptoms
- Causes and risk factors
- Multiples
- Diagnosis
- treatment
- protection
Nearsightedness, or myopia, is a common cause of blurred vision. People with myopia see distant objects in a blurry manner.
Sometimes it is possible to strabismus, or reduce the eyes to see things clearly.
In general, myopia is a impairment of vision, not a disease, and in a few cases myopia is the result of another disease.
Symptoms of myopia
Myopia causes blurred vision, and people with myopia have several symptoms
1. General symptoms of myopia
In general, the following symptoms:
- Difficulty seeing distant objects.
- Difficulty seeing a tablet, TV or movie screen.
- Retreat in education, in sports or at work.
2. Symptoms for children
Children under the age of 8 or 9 are not always aware that they have trouble seeing distant objects. Parents or teachers may suspect short-sightedness if the child:
- Turns or shrinks his eyes.
- Holds books or objects too close to his face.
- Sit in the front rows of the class, or in the theater, very close to the television or computer.
- He is not interested in sports, or other activities that require good visibility over long distances.
- Sometimes he suffers from headaches.
Causes and risk factors of myopia
The risk of myopia is greater in the following groups:
- People with a family history of myopia.
- Women are more likely than men to develop severe myopia.
- Premature infants, especially those with retinal disease of premature infants, are more likely to develop myopia.
- Some hereditary eye diseases increase the risk of developing myopia.
There is a relationship between working from a short distance, such as reading, and the development of myopia and its incidence.
nearsightedness complications
Complications of myopia:
- macular degeneration;
- Retinal detachment.
- cataract;
- glaucoma;
Diagnosis of myopia
Nearsightedness can be detected by a routine examination of the eyes, in addition to other vision problems and diseases that affect the eyes.
The duration of the full examination ranges between 30 - 60 minutes.
Routine eye examination includes:
- Interrogation from the ophthalmologist: about the medical history and the actual medical examination.
- Vision examinations: they check visual acuity, visual field and refraction.
- Slit lamp examination: The eyes are examined with a microscope.
- Tonometry: It checks the pressure inside the eye.
- Ophthalmoscope: A device that enables the doctor to view the back of the eye.
Early detection
A routine examination of the ability to see details and shapes clearly is part of any general physical examination done in childhood.
Children under the age of five must undergo a screening examination to detect eye diseases: such as: Amblyopia, strabismus, and poor vision.
nearsightedness treatment
Myopia cannot be cured, but treatment can achieve normal or near-normal vision and overcome myopia.
1. Traditional treatments
Most people with myopia wear glasses or contact lenses, with the aim of correcting vision. This is the accepted and accepted treatment of myopia, however, there is a possibility to treat myopia by surgery.
Corrective lenses focus the light back onto the retina. Most people with myopia choose to use glasses or contact lenses to treat the problem. Both methods are safe and effective, and both are less risky and expensive than surgery.
Some people believe that glasses do not provide central or side vision as good as contact lenses, and although contact lenses provide excellent vision, they can cause germs. Therefore, it must be cleaned and maintained on a regular and routine basis.
2. Surgical treatment
Surgery changes the shape of the cornea, there are several surgeries, such as: subepithelial keratectomy by laser (LASIK), surgery to implant rings in the periphery of the cornea, and implantation of intraocular lenses (IOL).
Certain diseases and medications may affect the results of surgical procedures, such as:
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Immunodeficiency diseases.
- certain medications.
- People who have previously suffered from glaucoma, keratoconus, inflammatory eye diseases, keratitis as a result of herpes simplex infection, and previous injuries or surgeries in the eyes.
How to choose the right treatment
There is no single treatment suitable for all people who suffer from myopia, to choose the most suitable solution it is worth taking into account the matters detailed below:
- How predictable are treatment outcomes?
- To what extent will the treatment results be stable and stable? Will the reform change over time?
- What are the potential risks and complications?
- How much maintenance and personal care is required?
- How comfortable will the treatment be? How will it affect the external appearance?
- The most common laser surgeries to correct nearsightedness lead to permanent changes in the eye, these changes are irreversible (Irreversible), in the most modern and advanced methods, such as: surgery to implant rings in the vicinity of the cornea, and implantation of lenses inside the eyes, rings or lenses can be removed if necessary need it.
- What is the cost of treatment? Does medical insurance cover it?
- What can happen if treatment is delayed?
- Will treatment affect employment or career advancement opportunities?
People who engage in contact sports, such as: boxing, American football, wrestling, and martial arts, which have the potential to receive blows to the head, face, and eyes, so the doctor must choose the appropriate treatment.
Prevention of nearsightedness
Although myopia is easy to treat, there is no specific way to prevent it, or to prevent it from getting worse. In most cases, myopia worsens and gets worse, until the late teenage years, or even the early twenties, when it usually settles and myopia does not improve with progress in Age.
Many people believe that hard work for a long time from a short distance, such as reading or sitting too close to a computer screen, causes myopia.
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